At Hill Investment Group, we recognize that when a few clients raise the same question, it’s likely that more have similar thoughts. To better serve you, we’re introducing a new segment in our newsletter where we’ll address common questions and how we approach them. To submit questions for future newsletters, email us at info@hillinvestmentgroup.com

Hey Hill, how can I think differently about the total return of my portfolio vs. focusing on income investing alone?

Throughout our working lives, we relied on our earned income to support our day-to-day expenses. Each year, we worked, earned a salary, and used that money to cover necessities such as food, housing, entertainment, and childcare. A consistent income stream provided us with a sense of security to fulfill our needs and save for retirement. 

However, after retiring, the question arises: where will the income come from to sustain our lifestyle? While some may come from pensions or social security, these sources may not always be sufficient. As a result, investors often dip into their savings portfolio to supplement their income.

When considering how to invest their savings, investors tend to zero in on needing “income” to replace their salaries. They may have a funding gap and want to ensure their portfolio will yield a certain yearly income level through fixed-income or dividend-paying stocks. Although this approach is intuitive and may give retirees peace of mind, it does not maximize the odds of financial success. Why not?

Investment returns come from two places. Income (dividends and interest) and capital appreciation (prices going up). By focusing solely on income, you forgo the primary driver of returns: capital appreciation. 

When you go to the store and buy new clothes, you don’t care if you pay with cash from your left pocket or your right pocket. Money is money, and the source is irrelevant. The same is true of investment returns. It does not matter whether those returns come from dividends or prices going up. What matters is the total amount of money you have. By focusing on income returns or just the money in your left pocket, you are not investing in the stocks or bonds with the highest expected total return. You are not maximizing the money you have across both your pockets. At the end of the year, this will leave you with less total savings.

Capital appreciation generally drives total returns much more than income. Additionally, capital appreciation receives favorable tax treatment. Gains from price increases are taxed at a lower rate than income. Thus, an investor would prefer their return come from capital appreciation vs. income because, after taxes, they will have more money to spend. 

Therefore, rather than thinking about how much income my portfolio generates year by year, we encourage our clients to consider the total value of their investments and what that total level can sustain in terms of spending over a lifetime, understanding the ebbs and flows of the market. This approach maximizes our clients’ odds of achieving their financial goals.

Hill Investment Group is a registered investment adviser. Registration of an Investment Advisor does not imply any level of skill or training. This information is educational and does not intend to make an offer for the sale of any specific securities, investments, or strategies.  Investments involve risk and, past performance is not indicative of future performance. Return will be reduced by advisory fees and any other expenses incurred in the management of a client’s account. Consult with a qualified financial adviser before implementing any investment strategy.

Many investors face a difficult tradeoff at some point in their investing career. They have some stock that they want to sell, but it is at a large gain. They want to diversify or rebalance their portfolio but don’t want to pay the taxes associated with selling the position. Many of our clients face this dilemma either from stock positions they have accumulated from their employer over a career or old investment decisions that have lingered in individual stocks.

Unfortunately, there haven’t been good options to solve this issue. Historically, investors have tried using things like options or exchange funds, but these solutions are costly, tax-inefficient, and illiquid.

As wealth managers, we always look for that third door that can efficiently solve a client’s need. 351 conversions beautifully solve this issue. They are low-cost, have zero tax impact, and are liquid.

What is a 351 Conversion?

A 351 conversion or exchange refers to a section of the Internal Revenue Code that deals with corporate reorganizations. This code section allows for a tax-free exchange of securities into a newly created entity, such as an ETF, provided certain diversification rules are met. In other words, the Code allows individuals to exchange holdings of stocks or ETFs into a new ETF in a tax-free conversion with a carryover basis.

Why does this matter to me?

Any investor can seed (put money in at launch) an ETF with individual stock positions and immediately convert their investments from whatever they held to a fully diversified ETF tax-free. Your original cost basis carries over, but now, instead of holding a handful of individual stocks, you can hold a low-cost, diversified, transparent ETF that can rebalance itself and pursue higher returns without incurring capital gains.

What are the limitations?

“There must be a catch! This seems too good to be true. How do I get to go from concentrated stock positions to a diversified investment portfolio without paying taxes?” Yes, 351 conversions are highly effective tools for investors; however, there are several limitations as to when and how they are implemented.

First, the investments that an investor converts must be “diversified,” which means that investors cannot seed a new ETF solely with a single stock (e.g., Apple, Boeing, or Tesla). Specifically, the largest single position cannot exceed 25% of the contributed portfolio, and the five largest positions cannot exceed 50% of the contributed portfolio. While this may limit how much of an existing portfolio an investor can convert, an investor can combine individual stocks and additional ETFs to meet this criteria. Second, 351 conversions can only be done when an ETF first launches…not whenever an investor wants to.

Summary

A 351 conversion is a unique opportunity for investors to improve and diversify their investment portfolio without incurring current capital gains taxes. It allows investors to convert unwanted positions with significant capital gains into a diversified, tax-efficient, low-cost ETF in a non-taxable event.

Why should I care about 351 conversions? We want our clients and the investing community at large to benefit from a 351 conversion in the future, should it become available. Please stay tuned for more details as we prepare to do our own 351 conversion in the coming months!

If you have or know someone who has a low-basis stock portfolio or ETF that may benefit from better diversification but has hesitated to do so out of fear of incurring severe tax consequences, please reach out. A 351 conversion might be the right solution.

This information is educational and does not intend to make an offer for the sale of any specific securities, investments, or strategies. Investments involve risk, and past performance is not indicative of future performance. Return will be reduced by advisory fees and any other expenses incurred in the management of a client’s account. Consult with a qualified financial adviser or tax professional before implementing any investment or tax strategy.

Addressing Common Client Questions

At Hill Investment Group, we recognize that when a few clients raise the same question, it’s likely that many more have similar thoughts. To better serve you, we’re introducing a new segment in our newsletter where we’ll address common questions and how we approach them. The goal is to address what’s top of mind for our clients. To submit questions for future newsletters, email us at info@hillinvestmentgroup.com

This month, we’ll debut our first frequently asked question:

“Hey Hill, how can I secure a high rate of return for my cash savings?”

Understanding Cash Savings:

Every investor has to hold on to some amount of cash. We all have daily bills and expenses, something big we’re saving for, or just want something set aside for emergencies. This is money you want to keep safe. As you’ve likely noticed, cash sitting in your bank account earns very little and it may feel like you’re missing out on potential earnings. The great news? You have options at your fingertips, that we can help you take advantage of.

Why does this matter? Ensuring cash is managed effectively is one of the best ways we can help you “pick up the pennies” of extra return around the edges of your portfolio. 

For earning a return on cash, we recommend three options, tailored to your specific situation:

• Money Market Funds

Money market funds invest in highly liquid, short-term debt instruments like US Treasury bills. These funds offer high liquidity and very low risk, making them a secure option. Investors in money market funds can expect a positive return, currently around 5%, matching the returns on short-term US government debt. We recommend money market funds for cash you plan to use within the next year. We can manage this investment for you, ensuring your cash earns the highest return with minimal risk.

• BOXX ETF

BOXX is an ETF providing money market-like returns but in an ETF format. This means returns are reflected in the increasing price of the ETF rather than as income. Since capital gains are taxed at a lower rate than income, holding BOXX for over a year could significantly enhance your after-tax return. 

We recommend BOXX for cash that you plan to hold for more than a year. We can manage this investment and monitor the holding period to maximize your after-tax return.

• Flourish – New Service Announcement!

We are excited to introduce Flourish, a new service for Hill Investment Group clients. Flourish removes the hassle of hunting for the highest savings account rate by partnering with over a dozen FDIC-member program banks to ensure you always receive the highest savings rate. Flourish links to your personal checking or business account and offers money market-like returns and up to $10 million in FDIC insurance. This all comes with no fees or minimums and a clean, user-friendly interface. 

We recommend Flourish as your high-yield savings account solution for cash held in personal accounts. We can help you set up Flourish to talk to your personal accounts hassle-free so you know you are getting the most out of your cash at all times.

We’ll be rolling out this service over the coming months, but if you are curious to dive deeper – Check out this 5-minute video. If you’re eager to start using Flourish now, email us, and we’ll send you an invite so you can start benefiting immediately.

We’re here to ensure your cash works as hard as you do. Let us help you maximize your returns with minimal risk.

Summary

This information is educational and does not intend to make an offer for the sale of any specific securities, investments, or strategies.  Investments involve risk and, past performance is not indicative of future performance. Return will be reduced by advisory fees and any other expenses incurred in the management of a client’s account. Consult with a qualified financial adviser before implementing any investment strategy.