At Hill Investment Group, we recognize that when a few clients raise the same question, it’s likely that more have similar thoughts. To better serve you, we’re introducing a new segment in our newsletter where we’ll address common questions and how we approach them. To submit questions for future newsletters, email us at info@hillinvestmentgroup.com

Hey Hill, what should I do about 401k accounts with previous employers?

Congratulations! You just started a new job that provides fulfillment, purpose, and great rewards. In your initial weeks, your new employer offers you a new retirement plan with wonderful investment options and a generous company match. 

What can you do to maximize the value of your current retirement plan as a part of your overall portfolio? What about the employer retirement plan you left behind with your previous job? 

For your current plan:

• We can incorporate your retirement plan assets into your overall plan and portfolio. This helps us stay in line with your goals and can help with after-tax returns. You can find more details here.

For the plan you left behind with your previous job: 

You have four basic options:

1. Leave the money in your old employer’s plan. (Usually not a great idea.)
2. Transfer the funds into your new employer’s plan.
3. Transfer the funds into your existing IRA (traditional and/or Roth).
4. Cash-out the plan and pay the taxes and penalties, if applicable.

Here are some key factors that may influence your decision: 

• Employer plans have a set menu of investment options and associated fees. While you may be satisfied with those options, a rollover IRA will not limit investment options and generally allows you to invest at a lower cost. 
• Many who hold on to old employer plans tend to lose track of them; therefore, they are rarely rebalanced as the market changes nor managed as part of their household portfolio.
• Many plans have pre-tax and Roth components, which may or may not align with a new employer’s plan offerings, but they can be easily rolled over to your traditional and Roth IRAs.
• Cashing out of the plan may involve unnecessary penalties and taxes.
• A unique feature of a 401k is that you can borrow money against it but not from an IRA.
• If you utilize a Backdoor Roth strategy, you may prefer to keep your retirement funds in a 401k to avoid the complications of a non-zero balance IRA account.

In the end, the combination of the above factors leads many to roll over their old plan to their individual IRA. This IRA becomes a hub as they move in and out of employers’ plans throughout their careers. On balance, the ability to choose your low-cost investment options in harmony with your other assets makes the option to roll over into an IRA a sound decision. 

Anytime you change jobs, we encourage you to discuss your situation with your Hill advisor. One size doesn’t fit all, and your advisor can help you work through your situation. Book a call with us if you have questions!

Hill Investment Group is a registered investment adviser. Registration of an Investment Advisor does not imply any level of skill or training. This information is educational and does not intend to make an offer for the sale of any specific securities, investments, or strategies. Investments involve risk, and past performance is not indicative of future performance. Return will be reduced by advisory fees and any other expenses incurred in managing a client’s account. Consult with a qualified financial adviser before implementing any investment or financial planning strategy.

At Hill Investment Group, we recognize that when a few clients raise the same question, it’s likely that more have similar thoughts. To better serve you, we’re introducing a new segment in our newsletter where we’ll address common questions and how we approach them. To submit questions for future newsletters, email us at info@hillinvestmentgroup.com

Hey Hill, how can I reduce my IRA Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) and related retirement tax liabilities? 

Contributing to traditional IRAs and 401(k)s is a great way to save for retirement. You get a current-year tax deduction, and your money grows year in and year out without being hindered by taxes. The IRS never sleeps.  You either pay them now or later.  Therefore, at some point, when you need to access these tax-deferred funds, whether that’s by choice or because you must begin taking Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs), any withdrawals you make from your IRA will be subject to ordinary income tax rates. Therefore, it’s critical to understand the different ways to plan for this most effectively. 

First, what is an RMD? The IRS requires that an individual begin taking systematic withdrawals from their pre-tax/qualified retirement accounts (e.g., 401(k), 403(b), traditional or rollover IRAs, etc.) at age 72, 73, or 75, depending on your date of birth. This annual required mandatory distribution is known as an RMD. You can calculate your projected RMD using the Schwab RMD Calculator. 

While we want our pre-tax retirement accounts to grow and be as large as possible, the taxes that will ultimately be due also grow. An investor can use three strategies to optimize this tradeoff between growth and taxes.

ROTH Conversions

One strategy is to convert assets from your traditional or rollover IRA to a Roth IRA before RMDs begin. When investors are in a low tax bracket, there are often many years between retirement and the RMD start date. Therefore, investors can save a lot in taxes by converting assets during a lower income period.

Let’s consider an example to showcase how this strategy works.

Betsy has just retired at 65 and has $500,000 in her traditional IRA. She must begin taking RMDs at age 73. Her projected RMD at 73 is about $30,000 per year. This amount might bump Betsy to a higher tax bracket in the future and may even increase her Medicare premium costs.

Since Betsy is retired, her reduced income level moves her from the 22% tax bracket to the 15% tax bracket. She decides to convert some of her traditional IRA into a Roth IRA. She withdraws $40,000 annually for the next five years from her pre-tax traditional IRA to fund her Roth IRA. Each year, she pays income tax on the $40,000 distribution but at her new, lower tax rate. This is known as a Roth Conversion. Her money has moved from one tax-advantaged account (the Traditional IRA) to another (the Roth IRA), the taxes are “pre-paid” at a lower rate, and her invested money in the Roth will continue to grow and never be taxed again. By age 70, she has successfully reduced her traditional IRA balance by $200,000, and her RMD at 73 is now projected to be only $18,000 rather than $30,000.

QCDs

But there is even more she can do. Starting at age 70.5, the IRS allows you to distribute funds from your IRA without paying taxes if the funds are gifted directly to a qualified charitable organization. Betsy currently gives $10,000 to her church annually by writing a check from her bank account. Instead, she should direct her Hill advisor to make those payments on her behalf from her IRA. This approach takes advantage of the Qualified Charitable Distribution or QCD. If Betsy’s RMD following her Roth Conversion was projected to be $18,000, by donating $10,000 from her IRA, she will only be taxed on $8,000. By planning 8 years into the future, Betsy’s Hill Advisor has reduced her RMD from $30,000 to $8,000, she will pay less in taxes, and she has a growth Roth IRA for her future needs.

Asset Location

Finally, behind the scenes, Hill manages portfolios by locating the higher-growth assets away from pre-tax accounts and locating the income-producing assets within the pre-tax accounts. This asset location strategy helps minimize future retirement taxes across your entire household. By doing this, you reduce the income taxes you pay year to year and ensure that your high-growth assets get taxed at lower capital gains rates rather than higher income rates.

Both the Roth conversion and the QCD approach, along with Hill’s asset location strategy, are not just tax savvy; they are also strategic moves that can enhance your financial security. By taking the long view on your IRA funds, you can minimize the taxes due and maximize the total dollars you have available to you as you enjoy your retirement.

This information is educational and does not intend to make an offer for the sale of any specific securities, investments, or strategies. Investments involve risk, and past performance is not indicative of future performance. Return will be reduced by advisory fees and any other expenses incurred in the management of a client’s account. Consult with a qualified financial adviser or tax professional before implementing any investment or tax strategy.

Have you ever sat in your car in the parking lot after visiting the doctor for your annual physical and said to yourself, “Oh, I forgot to ask the doctor about X…Now it’s too late”?

We’ve all had those moments where more formal preparation would have made our meetings with doctors, lawyers, contractors, etc., more productive and valuable. Meeting with your financial advisor is no different. Preparation before your regular review can help you and the advisor. Here are five basic steps to help you prepare for the next meeting with your Hill client service advisor.

Years ago, when I taught leadership classes, one of my favorite quotes was from the Tanzanian marathoner Juma Ikangaa, who said, “The will to win means nothing without the will to prepare.” Okay, your financial review may not require the same sacrifice as training for a marathon, but taking these five steps can make you feel like your next review is a real win for you and your family.